关于加强新时期中小学图书馆建设与应用工作的意见
Opinions on Strengthening the Construction and Application of Primary and Secondary School Libraries in the New Era
教基一〔2015〕2号
Jiao Ji Yi [2015] No. 2
- 各省、自治区、直辖市教育厅（教委）、文化厅（局）、新闻出版广电局，新疆生产建设兵团教育局、文化广播电视局、新闻出版局，教育部直属各高等学校：
Education departments (education commissions), cultural departments (bureaus), press, publication, radio and television bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, education bureaus, cultural broadcasting and television bureaus, press and publication bureaus of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and higher education institutions directly under the Ministry of Education:
为贯彻党中央关于深化教育领域综合改革精神，指导中小学校全面贯彻教育方针、实施素质教育，提升学校内涵与品质，形成书香校园，带动全民阅读，助推学习型社会和书香社会建设，现就加强新时期中小学图书馆（含图书室，下同）建设与应用工作，提出如下意见。
In order to implement the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on deepening comprehensive reform in the field of education, guide primary and secondary schools to fully implement education policies, implement quality education, enhance the connotation and quality of schools, form a bookish campus, promote national reading, and promote the construction of a learning oriented society and a bookish society, the following opinions are proposed to strengthen the construction and application of primary and secondary school libraries (including libraries, the same below) in the new era.
一、总体要求
1、 Overall requirements
（一）重要意义。中小学图书馆作为服务教育教学、教育科学研究的重要办学条件，是基本实现教育现代化的重要体现，是均衡合理配置教育资源的重要内容，是广大学生、教师获取信息资源不可或缺的重要途径，是落实立德树人根本任务、全面深化课程改革的重要阵地，对于保障教学、服务教学、改善教学，提高学生自主学习能力和终身学习能力，促进教师专业成长和学生全面发展具有重要作用。中小学图书馆作为国家图书馆服务体系的重要组成，对于服务学习型社会和书香社会建设，完善公共文化服务体系，丰富群众精神文化生活具有深远意义。
（1） Important significance. Primary and secondary school libraries, as important conditions for serving education, teaching, and educational scientific research, are an important manifestation of the basic realization of educational modernization, an important content of balanced and rational allocation of educational resources, an indispensable way for students and teachers to obtain information resources, an important battlefield for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating morality and talents, and comprehensively deepening curriculum reform. They play an important role in ensuring teaching, serving teaching, improving teaching, enhancing students’ self-learning ability and lifelong learning ability, promoting teachers’ professional growth and students’ comprehensive development. As an important component of the national library service system, primary and secondary school libraries have profound significance in serving the construction of a learning society and a bookish society, improving the public cultural service system, and enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the masses.
近年来，国家先后实施一系列基础教育重大建设工程，全面提高了中小学图书馆保障水平。但认识不足、摆位不当，区域、城乡、学校之间建设水平不均衡，管理服务水平不高，与教育教学融合不够，信息化基础薄弱，专业化队伍匮乏等问题仍然存在，直接影响中小学图书馆育人功能和综合效益的发挥。
In recent years, the country has implemented a series of major basic education construction projects, comprehensively improving the guarantee level of primary and secondary school libraries. However, problems such as insufficient understanding, improper positioning, uneven construction levels between regions, urban and rural areas, and schools, low management and service levels, insufficient integration with education and teaching, weak information technology foundation, and lack of specialized teams still exist, directly affecting the educational function and comprehensive benefits of primary and secondary school libraries.
面对全面深化教育综合改革的新形势，加快推进治理现代化的新部署，深入推进义务教育均衡发展的新要求，落实立德树人深化课程改革的新任务，倡导全民阅读建设书香社会的新氛围，必须深刻认识加强中小学图书馆建设与应用工作的重要意义，切实增强责任感、使命感和紧迫感，全面落实责任，明确目标任务，切实加大力度，不断完善措施，将中小学图书馆建设与应用工作提高到新水平。
In the face of the new situation of comprehensively deepening the comprehensive reform of education, accelerating the new deployment of modernization of governance, deepening the new requirements of balanced development of compulsory education, implementing the new task of cultivating morality and deepening curriculum reform, advocating the construction of a new atmosphere of a bookish society through nationwide reading, we must deeply understand the importance of strengthening the construction and application of primary and secondary school libraries, effectively enhance our sense of responsibility, mission and urgency, fully implement our responsibilities, clarify our goals and tasks, increase our efforts, continuously improve our measures, and elevate the construction and application of primary and secondary school libraries to a new level.
（二）工作目标。到2018年，结合全面改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件、中西部农村初中校舍改造工程等重大项目实施，有条件地区要按照学校建设标准补充新建图书馆，改善不达标图书馆，不具备条件的农村中小学、教学点要建有图书柜、图书角。到2020年，绝大部分中小学要按照国家规定标准建有图书馆。
（2） Work objectives. By 2018, in conjunction with the implementation of major projects such as comprehensively improving the basic operating conditions of weak compulsory education schools in poverty-stricken areas and the renovation of rural junior high school buildings in central and western regions, areas with conditions should supplement and build new libraries according to school construction standards, improve libraries that do not meet standards, and build picture bookshelves and book corners in rural primary and secondary schools and teaching points that do not meet the conditions. By 2020, the vast majority of primary and secondary schools will have libraries built in accordance with national standards.
基本建成与深化课程改革、实施素质教育相适应的现代化中小学图书馆建设、管理和服务体系。使图书馆与教育教学全面深度融合，成为学校信息资源高地和师生智慧中心、成长中心、活动中心。基本形成中小学图书馆与公共图书馆、高等学校图书馆馆藏资源共享格局，带动全民阅读，助推公共文化服务体系、学习型社会和书香社会建设。
Establish a modern primary and secondary school library construction, management, and service system that is compatible with deepening curriculum reform and implementing quality education. Integrate the library with education and teaching comprehensively and deeply, becoming a highland of school information resources, a center of wisdom, growth, and activity for teachers and students. A basic pattern of resource sharing between primary and secondary school libraries, public libraries, and university libraries has been formed, which will drive nationwide reading and promote the construction of a public cultural service system, a learning society, and a bookish society.
二、重点任务
2、 Key tasks
（三）推进基础条件建设。各地要落实要求，将图书馆纳入中小学建设规划，对中小学图书馆的功能定位、馆舍面积、配套设施、馆藏保障、资源利用、队伍建设、管理应用等方面做出合理安排。加快推进中小学图书馆建设。逐步将图书馆建设为设施齐全、功能完备、运转顺畅、服务便捷、使用高效的育人阵地和重要课堂。鼓励有条件的学校利用图书、报刊布置走廊、教室等边角空间，倡导学生自主管理、诚信取阅，形成学校在“图书馆”中的良好氛围，使师生阅读方式广泛多样、阅读选择丰富多元。
（3） Promote the construction of basic conditions. Each region should implement requirements and include libraries in the construction plans of primary and secondary schools. Reasonable arrangements should be made for the functional positioning, building area, supporting facilities, collection guarantee, resource utilization, team building, management and application of primary and secondary school libraries. Accelerate the construction of primary and secondary school libraries. Gradually build the library into a well-equipped, fully functional, smoothly operating, convenient, and efficient educational platform and important classroom. Encourage schools with conditions to use books, newspapers, and other materials to decorate corridors, classrooms, and other corner spaces, advocate student self-management and honest access, and create a good atmosphere for schools in the “library”, so that teachers and students can read in a wide range of ways and have diverse reading choices.
（四）确保馆藏资源质量。教育、文化和新闻出版部门要积极创造条件组织专家学者、文化工作者和出版发行单位，为中小学生创作更多富有教育性、启发性，符合年龄特点、品种丰富的优质出版物。各地要结合实际合理确定中小学图书馆藏书复本量标准及馆藏定向补充和剔旧原则。要制定增剔工作计划，严格操作，确保剔旧后每年至少生均新增一本纸质图书，确保实现生均纸质图书册数达标。妥善存续具有收藏保存价值的图书，基础藏书配备目录内的藏书，一般不进行剔旧。进一步整合实体和虚拟资源，形成相互补充、多元统一的馆藏资源体系。改善图书馆馆藏结构，探索建立学生、教师读书反馈和评议推荐制度，遴选学生和教师心目中的好书。各地中小学要重视对校本资源、特色资源的收集、整理、加工、保存和应用。
（4） Ensure the quality of library resources. The education, culture, and news publishing departments should actively create conditions to organize experts, scholars, cultural workers, and publishing and distribution units to create more high-quality publications that are educational, inspiring, age appropriate, and diverse for primary and secondary school students. Each region should reasonably determine the standards for the number of duplicate books in primary and secondary school libraries, as well as the principles of targeted supplementation and elimination of old collections, based on actual conditions. We need to develop a work plan for adding and removing books, strictly operate it, ensure that at least one new paper book is added per student every year after removing old books, and ensure that the average number of paper books per student meets the standard. Properly preserving books with collection and preservation value, the basic collection includes books in the catalog, and generally does not undergo aging. Further integrate physical and virtual resources to form a complementary, diverse, and unified collection resource system. Improve the collection structure of the library, explore the establishment of a student and teacher feedback and evaluation recommendation system, and select good books in the minds of students and teachers. Primary and secondary schools in various regions should attach importance to the collection, organization, processing, preservation, and application of school-based resources and characteristic resources.
（五）规范馆藏采购机制。各级教育、文化和新闻出版部门要建立协作机制，完善中小学图书馆馆藏资源招标采购办法及实施细则。逐步健全师生、家长和专家学者等多方参与的采购机制，充分发挥全社会民主监督作用，共同把好中小学图书馆馆藏采购质量关。明确馆藏采购责任主体，将教育部指导编制的《全国中小学图书馆（室）推荐书目》作为中小学图书馆馆藏采购的主要参考依据。新闻出版部门要会同教育部门加强监管，严格审查参与中小学图书馆馆藏招标采购单位资质，共同加大验收检查力度，严禁盗版图书等非法出版物及不适合中小学生阅读、价格虚高的图书、音像制品和电子出版物进入中小学图书馆，发现一起，查处一起。对有令不行、有禁不止、违法情节严重的出版发行单位，新闻出版部门要依法依规严肃查处。
（5） Standardize the procurement mechanism for library collections. Education, culture, and news publishing departments at all levels should establish a collaborative mechanism and improve the bidding and procurement methods and implementation rules for the collection resources of primary and secondary school libraries. Gradually improve the procurement mechanism involving multiple parties such as teachers, students, parents, experts, and scholars, fully leverage the democratic supervision role of the whole society, and jointly ensure the quality of procurement for primary and secondary school library collections. Clarify the responsible party for the procurement of library collections, and use the “Recommended Books for National Primary and Secondary School Libraries (Rooms)” compiled under the guidance of the Ministry of Education as the main reference for the procurement of library collections in primary and secondary schools. The news and publishing department should work together with the education department to strengthen supervision, strictly review the qualifications of participating units in the bidding and procurement of primary and secondary school library collections, jointly increase the inspection and acceptance efforts, strictly prohibit illegal publications such as pirated books, and books, audio-visual products, and electronic publications that are not suitable for primary and secondary school students to read and have inflated prices from entering primary and secondary school libraries. If any are found, they will be investigated and dealt with together. The news and publishing department shall investigate and punish publishing and distribution units that fail to comply with orders, continue to violate prohibitions, and have serious violations in accordance with laws and regulations.
（六）不断提高信息化水平。各地要将中小学图书馆信息化建设纳入区域和中小学信息化建设整体规划，创造条件积极推进中小学数字图书馆及配套阅览条件建设。要充分发挥教育主干网、城域网、校园网的作用，以县级网络中心为依托推进数字图书馆和信息资源中心建设，辐射县域内学校。逐步建立起县级、地市级、省级中小学数字图书馆网络体系，为中小学图书馆、公共图书馆馆际数字资源共享搭建教育资源公共服务平台。县级以上数字图书资源中心要能够满足区域学校教育教学和广大师生电子阅读需求，确保师生便捷获取数字图书和电子期刊等数字资源。要逐步实现中小学图书馆管理信息化和服务形式网络化，探索动态实现区域内中小学图书馆纸质图书、报刊的联合采编、公共检索、馆际互借等功能。
（6） Continuously improving the level of informatization. Each region should incorporate the informationization construction of primary and secondary school libraries into the overall planning of regional and primary and secondary school informationization construction, create conditions to actively promote the construction of digital libraries and supporting reading conditions in primary and secondary schools. We should fully leverage the role of the education backbone network, metropolitan area network, and campus network, and promote the construction of digital libraries and information resource centers based on county-level network centers, radiating to schools within the county. Gradually establish a network system of digital libraries for primary and secondary schools at the county, municipal, and provincial levels, and build an educational resource public service platform for inter library digital resource sharing between primary and secondary school libraries and public libraries. County level and above digital book resource centers should be able to meet the educational and teaching needs of regional schools and the electronic reading needs of teachers and students, ensuring that teachers and students can easily access digital resources such as digital books and electronic journals. We need to gradually realize the informatization of management and networking of service forms in primary and secondary school libraries, and explore the dynamic implementation of functions such as joint collection and editing of paper books and newspapers, public retrieval, and interlibrary borrowing in primary and secondary school libraries within the region.
（七）充分发挥育人作用。中小学图书馆每周开放时间原则上不少于40小时，确保每天课余时间、周末和寒暑假期间对师生有效开放，鼓励适当延长并向社会开放。要围绕深化课程改革目标任务，推进图书馆与学科教学有效结合、深度融合，将图书馆作为课程资源进行整合形成教学资源。提升学科教师对图书馆的认识,倡导学科教师自觉利用图书馆改善教育教学,开展教育科研活动,推出一批优秀教学案例和先进教师典型。创新图书借阅方式，简化图书借阅管理，将馆藏资源推送到楼层、课堂，促进师生便捷、有效阅读。要利用一定课时，培养学生搜集、整理、分析和选择信息资源的能力，提高学生信息素养。拓展图书馆使用功能，利用图书馆举办学术讲座，展示师生作品，开展教研、学习交流活动。积极组织开展书香校园创建活动，结合校园文化，开展经常性主题读书活动，传播社会主义核心价值观，培养学生阅读兴趣、阅读习惯等有效阅读能力，发挥好引领、辐射和带动作用。组织力量积极开展针对中小学图书馆的理论与实践研究，加强科研引领。
（7） Give full play to the role of educating people. The opening hours of primary and secondary school libraries should generally not be less than 40 hours per week, ensuring effective access to teachers and students during after-school hours, weekends, and winter and summer vacations, and encouraging appropriate extension and opening to the public. We should focus on the goals and tasks of deepening curriculum reform, promote the effective integration and deep fusion of libraries and subject teaching, and integrate libraries as curriculum resources to form teaching resources. Enhance subject teachers’ understanding of libraries, advocate subject teachers to consciously use libraries to improve education and teaching, carry out educational research activities, and launch a number of excellent teaching cases and advanced teacher models. Innovate book borrowing methods, simplify book borrowing management, push library resources to floors and classrooms, and promote convenient and effective reading for teachers and students. We should use a certain amount of class time to cultivate students’ ability to collect, organize, analyze, and select information resources, and improve their information literacy. Expand the library’s usage functions, use the library to hold academic lectures, showcase the works of teachers and students, and carry out research and learning exchange activities. Actively organize and carry out activities to create a bookish campus, combine campus culture, carry out regular themed reading activities, spread socialist core values, cultivate students’ reading interests, reading habits and other effective reading abilities, and play a leading, radiating and driving role. Organize efforts to actively carry out theoretical and practical research on primary and secondary school libraries, and strengthen scientific research guidance.
（八）带动书香社会建设。在每年4月23日“世界读书日”和9月9日“国家图书馆日”积极开展形式多样、丰富多彩的中小学生读书专题活动。提倡小学生每天课外阅读半小时、中学生每天课外阅读1小时。丰富学生课后生活，特别要为家庭贫困学生、寄宿制学校学生、农村留守儿童提供便利读书条件。鼓励中小学图书馆设立家长定期开放日，提倡学生和家长共同读书、读同一本书，营造良好阅读氛围。中小学图书馆与本地公共图书馆特别是少年儿童图书馆、高等学校图书馆要积极开展合作，推进资源共享，探索实现通借通还。中小学图书馆要主动探索向社区、社会开放，提高馆藏资源利用率。农村中小学图书馆要发挥辐射作用，采取有效措施服务农民精神文化需求。
（8） Drive the construction of a bookish society. Actively carry out diverse and colorful reading themed activities for primary and secondary school students on World Book Day on April 23 and National Library Day on September 9 every year. Encourage elementary school students to read for half an hour outside of class every day, and middle school students to read for one hour outside of class every day. Enrich students’ after-school life, especially providing convenient reading conditions for students from impoverished families, boarding school students, and left behind children in rural areas. Encourage primary and secondary school libraries to set up regular open days for parents, promote students and parents to read together and read the same book, and create a good reading atmosphere. Primary and secondary school libraries should actively cooperate with local public libraries, especially children’s libraries and higher education libraries, to promote resource sharing and explore the realization of universal borrowing and returning. Primary and secondary school libraries should actively explore opening up to the community and society, and improve the utilization rate of library resources. Rural primary and secondary school libraries should play a radiating role and take effective measures to serve the spiritual and cultural needs of farmers.
三、保障措施
3、 Guarantee measures
（九）落实经费保障。各地教育部门要在每年教育经费预算中安排中小学图书等馆藏资源购置经费，并向农村学校和薄弱学校倾斜。要结合学校标准化建设工作，围绕中小学图书馆建设工作目标和主要任务，制定资金筹措计划。积极拓宽办馆渠道，鼓励企事业单位、社会团体和公民个人以各种方式支持中小学图书馆建设，规范捐赠程序，明确责任与义务，确保捐赠馆藏和援建工程质量。
（9） Implement funding guarantee. Education departments in various regions should allocate funds for the purchase of library resources such as primary and secondary school books in their annual education budget, and tilt towards rural schools and weak schools. To combine with the standardization construction work of schools, a fundraising plan should be formulated around the goals and main tasks of the construction of primary and secondary school libraries. Actively expanding channels for library management, encouraging enterprises, institutions, social organizations, and individual citizens to support the construction of primary and secondary school libraries in various ways, standardizing donation procedures, clarifying responsibilities and obligations, and ensuring the quality of donated collections and aid projects.
（十）强化队伍建设。逐步建成由专（兼）职人员、志愿者等组成的中小学图书馆管理人员队伍，有条件的地方或学校要配备专职管理人员。探索设立中小学图书馆图书资料系列专业技术岗位，其编制在本校教职工编制总数内合理确定，建立完善资格准入、岗位聘用和定期考核制度。不断提高图书馆专业人员比例。通过多种方式吸纳优秀人才进入中小学图书馆管理人员队伍。对从事图书馆工作的兼职教师进行图书馆业务培训，在职务（称）评聘、晋升、评优评先、待遇等方面，给予图书馆管理人员与教师同等机会。创新培训机制，建立分层分级培训体系，制定培训计划，提倡利用网络资源平台开展远程培训。鼓励各地充分利用高等院校图书馆及学术团体、行业组织专业优势，开展形式多样的中小学图书馆专（兼）职管理人员培训。加大高等学校培养中小学图书馆专门人才的力度。
（10） Strengthen team building. Gradually build a team of primary and secondary school library management personnel composed of full-time (part-time) staff, volunteers, etc., and provide full-time management personnel in places or schools where conditions permit. Explore the establishment of professional and technical positions for library materials in primary and secondary schools, with their staffing reasonably determined within the total number of faculty and staff in the school, and establish a sound system for qualification admission, job recruitment, and regular assessment. Continuously increasing the proportion of library professionals. Attract outstanding talents into the management team of primary and secondary school libraries through various means. Provide library business training for part-time teachers engaged in library work, and provide equal opportunities for library management personnel and teachers in terms of job evaluation, promotion, excellence, and treatment. Innovate training mechanisms, establish a hierarchical training system, develop training plans, and promote the use of online resource platforms for remote training. Encourage various regions to fully utilize the professional advantages of higher education libraries, academic groups, and industry organizations, and carry out diverse forms of training for full-time (part-time) management personnel of primary and secondary school libraries. Intensify the efforts of higher education institutions to cultivate specialized talents for primary and secondary school libraries.
（十一）纳入督导评估。教育督导部门要把图书馆建设与应用工作纳入依法治校，作为中小学校综合督导评估和义务教育均衡发展评估认定的重要内容，完善评估标准和实施细则，定期开展应用管理评估工作，并将评估结果纳入学校管理考核，督促和指导做好相关工作。加强中小学图书馆和相关出版领域的行业标准和业务规范的研制和执行工作,不断推进图书馆建设管理的制度化、规范化和专业化。
（11） Include in supervision and evaluation. The education supervision department should incorporate the construction and application of libraries into the rule of law in school management, as an important part of the comprehensive supervision and evaluation of primary and secondary schools and the assessment of balanced development of compulsory education. It should improve the evaluation standards and implementation rules, regularly carry out application management evaluation work, and incorporate the evaluation results into school management assessment to supervise and guide the relevant work. Strengthen the development and implementation of industry standards and business norms in primary and secondary school libraries and related publishing fields, and continuously promote the institutionalization, standardization, and professionalization of library construction and management.
（十二）加强组织领导。各地教育、文化和新闻出版部门要将中小学图书馆建设与应用纳入教育和公共文化服务体系事业发展总体规划，有效运用项目实施、政策引导和经费支持等手段，加强对中小学图书馆建设的统筹协调和分类指导。发挥各级基础教育主管部门、教育装备部门在中小学图书馆建设、配备、管理、应用各个环节的作用。要结合本地实际，提出新时期推进中小学图书馆建设与应用工作的具体方案。省级工作方案应由教育、文化、新闻出版部门联合制订并推动落实。
（12） Strengthen organizational leadership. Education, culture, and news publishing departments in various regions should incorporate the construction and application of primary and secondary school libraries into the overall development plan of the education and public cultural service system, effectively utilize project implementation, policy guidance, and funding support, and strengthen overall coordination and classification guidance for the construction of primary and secondary school libraries. Give full play to the role of basic education authorities and educational equipment departments at all levels in the construction, equipment, management, and application of primary and secondary school libraries. To propose specific plans for promoting the construction and application of primary and secondary school libraries in the new era, based on local conditions. The provincial work plan should be jointly formulated and implemented by the education, culture, news and publishing departments.
教育部 文化部 国家新闻出版广电总局
Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture, State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television
2015年5月20日
May 20, 2015